Modes - Part 1 (Major/Ionian) - Intermediate

The Major (Ionian) Scale - An Introduction to Modes

After the last epic post, here's a slightly shorter tutorial, and the first in a series to help you start to understand the Major scale and it's related modes.

Before we ask ourselves "what is a mode?", we must first discuss the major scale. Without knowledge of the major scale, learning about playing and using modes will be pretty pointless and difficult to understand. If you already have knowledge of the major scale, please still read on, as the discussion about modes which follows will make much more sense if you do.

The major scale can be regarded as the mother or parent scale from which the modes are created, and is a mode itself (Ionian is it's modal name). The major scale we are dealing with here is in the key of C. C major is a great scale to use when explaining modes as it contains no #s (sharps) or bs (flats), and is therefore easier to work with. The notes of C major are;

C D E F G A B C

If you have a little knowledge of the piano keyboard, these notes are all of the white keys (the black keys being #s and bs).

Below, I have posted four sheets containing all seven positions of the C major scale. There are seven scale positions because there are seven notes in the major scale. Each scale position starts on a different alphabetical note of the key (i.e.; C, D, E, etc.). A seven note scale is called a heptatonic scale (hept = 7, tonic = tone/note). We have already encountered pentatonic scales which contain five notes (pent = 5).

I have included optional fingering for several of the scale shapes. Other options are available, just use your imagination! I would suggest that you start with the seven main shapes though, for reasons which will become apparent in future lessons. I have also demonstrated how the scales look when connected together, spanning the entire guitar neck. The boxed notes are all of the C notes (the root note of the scale, i.e.; the note that the scale is named after). Memorize where these notes are in each position.

Practice all of the scales with strict alternate (down/up) picking. Then practice with hammers (ascending) and pull-offs (descending) to improve your technique and dexterity. Use a metronome to keep a log of your daily practice tempo and always put clarity ahead of speed. Patchy notes sound bad. It's always better to be slow and acurate than fast and inacurate.

Ok, so here are the scale positions...

That should keep you pretty busy for a while I hope! So now the modes...

What is a mode?

The simplest explaination of a mode is to think of it as a mood, i.e.; an emotion that you will create inside/evoke from someone when they hear you play. Music is all about emotion. Music can make you laugh, cry, feel melancholy or make you jump up and down like a lunatic! That's the power and beauty of music. It helps a musician relate her or his ideas to an audience.

For example, if you are perfoming a song that is a heart-wrenching tale of love and loss, you're going to want the music to sum up that feeling. You're not going to choose a really happy, cheery scale to do that for you. Likewise, if you're performing an upbeat, joyful pop-rock song, you're unlikely to want to use the meanest, most menacing scale to improvise with. Modes allow you to select the appropriate mood required for the song you are performing.

The major scale (or Ionian mode) is quite a cheerful scale. Play backwards from C to C and you will hear the sound of church wedding bells (hardly a dark and brooding sound!). But hidden away inside these seven notes, we can conjure up all sorts of moods and sounds, from the darkest to the brightest, depending upon how we select and play the notes of the major scale.

Because we will be selecting the appropriate notes in order to create these modes or moods, we need to get to know the names of the notes inside each scale position. These can be found in the middle column of the first three scale sheets (above). Learn the fingering first (left column) and then the note names. This will take some time but be persistent. It will happen. Refer to the sheets daily until the notes slowly sink in. Pause on the C notes (root notes) when you practice the scale shapes. The formula column (right column) will prove to be incredibly important as these lessons go on, but for now, don't worry about what this all means.

Well, that's all I'm going to say for now, but I will leave you with the mode names before I go. I'll start with the darkest and end with the brightest (think of a spectrum of colours). We will look at how to play these modes shortly, so try to get familiar with the names before the next lesson.

DARKEST

Locrian

Phrygian

Aeolian

Dorian

Mixolydian

Ionian

Lydian

BRIGHTEST

See you next lesson and happy practicing!

Speed/Coordination Exercises Part 1 - Intermediate/Advanced

Fragment Patterns - A Minor/C Major Pentatonic (shape 1/5)

Here's a huge post seeing as it's the weekend!

As promised, this is the first in a series of speed and coordination exercises that will be of use to guitarists of all styles, and should keep you busy for months to come. Although we are back in familiar pentatonic territory, these exercises can easily be applied to any other scale or arpeggio (I will post more exercises using the heptatonic/modal shapes and also arpeggios at a later date). Because my last two posts have focused upon the pentatonic scale, I thought that this tutorial would tie-in quite nicely with them, as the exercises below can be combined with the 50 licks and 5 scales shapes to help turbo-charge your improvising skills.

So what is a fragment pattern?

Basically, a fragment pattern is a scale or arpeggio fragmented (broken up) into small, repetitive sections that either ascend or descend the guitar neck. I always think of these exercises as two steps forward, one step back. The scale being played is staggered so that it lasts longer than it would when playing through it in a regular manner. This allows you to create long runs when improvising. It also develops excellent coordination between your left and right hands, a skill that is essential in all areas of guitar playing.

These exercises will also greatly increase your playing speed. If you want to get fast, this is one of the main routes to obtaining that goal. But please, please, please always remember - being a fast guitarist doesn't necessarily make you a good guitarist. Speed isn't a sign of great musicianship. It just means that you can play fast. It's great to have the ability to play fast as many musical situations will require it, but the real skill is knowing when not to play fast. There is always going to be someone in the world that can play faster than everyone else. Ok, so perhaps it's an accolade to say, "Hey, I'm the fastest guitarist you'll ever gonna hear", but so-what? It doesn't automatically make your music good. It doesn't mean that people are going to want to listen to you. Holding back from playing fast all of the time will make your music more exciting when you do launch into a burst of speed. This will keep your audience on their toes and leave them wanting more.

The exercises below should always be practiced whilst using a metronome and strict alternate picking. Start at a moderate speed that is easy for your fingers to handle. At all times, clarity is more important than speed. It's always better to hear something played slowly, well and accurate, rather than fast, patchy and inaccurate. I know that speed is the aim here, but good sounding notes are the priority, speed will follow. Keep a log of your daily practice tempo. If you start on Monday at 80 beats per minute (bpm), aim to get to 95 bpm by the end of the week. Keep your aims realistic. This is the way to succeed. Practicing anything takes time and patience. Rushing headfirst into the exercises here will only result in frustration and failure. Take your time and you will achieve your goals.

So here are the exercises (all 14 pages of them!!!) and good luck!

















KEY;

Retrograde: having a backward motion or direction.

Inversion: presentation of a melody in contrary (opposite) motion to its original form.


SOUND FILES & VIDEO COMING SOON...

Jazz (Lead) - Advanced

Improvising With Arpeggios – 12 Bar Jazz Blues

Here we have the same chord progression as with the previous exercise (see "Jazz Rhythm" below this post), but this time the chords are strummed with a plectrum rather than fingerpicked. For the solo I have used the arpeggio (literally the individual notes that make up the chord) that fits with the chord being played at that point in time. For example, if the chord being played by the rhythm guitar is Bb7, I’ll improvise over it with a Bb7 arpeggio. If it’s a Cm7 chord, I’ll use a Cm7 arpeggio.

To be able to use scales, chords and arpeggios well on the guitar, you need to learn your notes on the fingerboard extremely well. Guitarists are notoriously slack in learning the names of each of the fretted notes on the neck. Learn the notes “cold” taking one string at a time. Leave out the #’s and b’s until you have a strong grasp of where the “natural” notes are (i.e.; A, B, C, D, E, F, G). You can easily find the # and b notes once you have the natural ones fully committed to memory. Learn the notes ascending and descending alphabetically (you need to think backwards down the musical alphabet too!). This doesn’t happen overnight, but it will give you a greater understanding of music once you can do this, and it will also open up avenues for your playing which would have been impossible to perform before. Exciting? No. Essential? Yes!!

This exercise is also accompanied by a backing track for you to try playing along to (this will be uploaded shortly - please check out http://www.chrispearcemusic.com/ if you are feeling impatient!). If you can’t fit all of the notes in at first, just play some of them to get a feel for what is happening in the music. Don’t ignore the chords either. Playing guitar isn’t all about taking solos. Playing rhythm is something you’ll be doing 90% of the time in most bands. Practice the rhythm guitar part and learn as many shapes/voicings/inversions for each chord as possible.





NOTE: Soundfiles for this piece will be uploaded shortly. Please click on the URL link below to hear the piece (make sure pop-ups are enabled on your browser or press "shift" when clicking on the link). When the new window has opened, click the triangular play button in the right hand corner of the screen to hear the music (you will need Flash installed to hear/view the music).


http://chrispearcemusic.com/downloads/12barjazzblues.php

Jazz (Rhythm) - Advanced

Walking Bass Jazz Blues

This exercise is based around the same 12 bar chord pattern used in the Jazz Blues Lead improvisation exercise above. The basic idea here is to sound like two instruments, namely a guitarist “comping” (the tri-tones/3rds/4ths played with index and middle fingers) with a bassist playing the walking bass line (thumb). The chord tones should be played short and choppy (staccato) whereas the bass line should flow smoothly and effortlessly throughout. The bass line employs a great deal of chromatic/passing notes. Try to work out what is going on with the harmony in this exercise to get a greater understanding of how you could use this technique yourself. Find a chord progression in The Real Book (jazz standards book) and try to walk the bass. Good luck!




NOTE: Soundfiles for this piece will be uploaded shortly. Please click on the URL link below to hear the piece (make sure pop-ups are enabled on your browser or press "shift" when clicking on the link). When the new window has opened, click the triangular play button in the right hand corner of the screen to hear the music (you will need Flash installed to hear/view the music).


http://chrispearcemusic.com/downloads/walkingbassjazzblues.php